Electronic Music


Starting in 1957, Max Mathews of Bell Labs developed the MUSIC programs, culminating in MUSIC V, a direct digital synthesis language. The score for Forbidden Planet, by Louis and Bebe Barron, was entirely composed using custom-built electronic circuits and tape recorders in 1956 . In the same year Columbia University purchased its first tape recorder—a professional Ampex machine—to record concerts. Vladimir Ussachevsky, who was on the music faculty of Columbia University, was placed in charge of the device, and almost immediately began experimenting with it.

Electronic tuning can nowadays be done by plugging in a laptop to the vehicle diagnostic port and uploading different settings to the engine's electronic control unit. The car's electronic stability control is used to subtly brake individual wheels and counter any drifting effect. The first is the need for a standard format (a 'markup language') for encoding models in a robust, parsible, electronic form. The time delay is due to small electronic differences between the two anemometers. Cheques are steadily being replaced by electronic payment systems such as debit cards. These days, people are using a growing array of electronic communication methods - e-mail, text messaging, instant messaging, and social networking sites.

During the 1920s and 1930s, some electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions featuring them were written. By the 1940s, magnetic audio tape allowed musicians to tape sounds and then modify them by changing the tape speed or direction, leading to the development of electroacoustic tape music in the 1940s, in Egypt and France. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds. Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was also created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s and Algorithmic composition with computers was first demonstrated in the same decade. In Jamaica, a form of popular electronic music emerged in the 1960s, dub music, rooted in sound system culture.

Electronic Music

Mathematician Geoff Hill programmed the CSIRAC to play popular musical melodies from the very early 1950s. In 1951 it publicly played the "Colonel Bogey March" of which no known recordings exist. However, CSIRAC played standard repertoire and was not used to extend musical thinking or composition practice which is current computer-music practice.

Jamaican Dub Music

EBay is a great place to find affordable laptops, tablets, and desktop computers. Our huge inventory offers great new and used computers for the home or office. Authors retain the copyright of their papers and are strongly encouraged to release their articles under a Creative Commons license. All papers have DOIs, are reviewed on MathSciNet and ZBMath, and are indexed by Web of Science. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (E-JC) is a fully-refereed electronic journal with very high standards, publishing papers of substantial content and interest in all branches of discrete mathematics, including combinatorics, graph theory, and algorithms for combinatorial problems. The use of printed spiral coils as inductors in the construction of Wireless Power Transmission circuits can save space and be integrated with other circuit boards.

Electroacoustic Tape Music

In many cases, these software-based instruments are sonically indistinguishable from their physical counterpart. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments. These initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments.

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